The fully-operational Galileo Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) will consist of
______ satellites in ______ orbital planes at an altitude of ____ km. Which are the correct
What are the correct missing values?
(This is a drop-down the question in the exam)
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A
1 30 Satellites -- 4 Orbital Planes -- 19,100KM
B
24 Satellites -- 6 Orbital Planes -- 12,539KM
C
30 Satellites -- 3 Orbital Planes -- 23,222KM
D
24 Satellites -- 4 Orbital Planes -- 20,200KM
Explanation
NAVSTAR: 24 SATS, 6 ORBITAL PLANES, 20,000KM
GLONASS - 23 SATS, 3 ORBITAL PLANES, 19,100KM
GALILEO - 30 SATS, 3 ORBITAL PLANES, 23,222KM
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Question ID: 626609
A-RNP incorporates the navigation specifications:
Select 5 options from the below
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Explanation
A-RNP or Advanced RNP approved aircraft need to have the following requirements: RNP APCH, RNP 1, RNP 4, RNP 2, RNAV 5 and RNAV 1/2.
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Question ID: 626539
Which of these are factors used in PBN data processing?
Select 3 options from the below
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Question ID: 626536
A GPS satellite is considered unhealthy, when...
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A
the satellite cannot transmit a navigation message.
B
it does not send any signal.
C
the position of a satellite is different from its intended position.
D
the satellites used for position determination are close to each other.
Explanation
An unhealthy satellite means that it can not be used for position determination. When there is no navigation message the signal (if there even is one) from the satellite would be useless to the user segment.
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Question ID: 626533
Select the correct statement regarding the FMS navigation database:
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A
The navigation database of the FMS is deleted automatically after every flight.
B
The pilot can overwrite navigation database contents.
C
The navigation database is write-only.
D
The pilot can save data in the navigation database.
Explanation
It is possible to manually insert waypoints or routes in the FMC of the aircraft. The pilot can temporarily add information to the database but it is never possible to delete or overwrite it (as a pilot).
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Question ID: 626524
Which one of the following has a limited range?
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A
CVOR
B
DVOR
C
TVOR
D
VOT
Explanation
TVOR stands for Terminal VOR and is used for approaches and departures. Since it's only used for aircraft close to the corresponding aerodrome it only needs a limited range.
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Question ID: 626519
Which of the following is most likely affected by fading during the twilight period?
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A
MF
B
HF
C
WHF
D
UHF
Explanation
The MF wave uses Ground Waves as its primary way of propagation. During the day the D-layer absorbs the sky-waves but at night this layer disappears causing interference from further away stations. This effect is worst during dawn and dusk when the sky is in transition.
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Question ID: 626518
The wavelength of a wave with a frequency of 400 kHz is:
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A
750 cm
B
75 m
C
7 500 m
D
750 m
Explanation
Wavelength = C (300.000.000 m/s) ÷ Frequency. This becomes 300.000.000 m/s ÷ 400.000 Hz = 750 m
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Question ID: 626330
What does EGNOS mean?
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A
European Ground based Navigation System
B
European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System
C
European Global Navigation Operating System
D
Enhanced Global Navigation System
Explanation
EGNOS is a type of SBAS. If you know this and you know the principle of SBAS you know that it's a kind of overlay system that uses geostationary satellites.
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Question ID: 626220
What advantage does a primary radar system fitted with an MTI capability have over a system that is not?
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A
The Doppler Shift is used to determine the aircraft's groundspeed.
B
Moving targets are eliminated from the controller's display.
C
Ground clutter is eliminated from the controller's display.
D
The Doppler Shift is used to determine the aircraft's True Airspeed (TAS).
Explanation
MTI stands for Moving Target Indicator. It removes stationary returns from a primary radar so only moving targets (aircraft and ground service vehicles) are displayed. This gives a less cluttered image.
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Question ID: 626161
If a failed RMI rose is stuck on 090° and the ADF pointer indicates 225°, the relative bearing to the station will be:
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A
135°.
B
315°.
C
impossible to read, due to failure RMI.
D
225°.
Explanation
When an RMI is broken, the ADF will always give you the correct relative bearing, regardless of the aircraft's heading. The relative bearing can be calculated with: QDM - Magnetic Heading = Relative Bearing. 225° - 90° = 135°.
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Question ID: 626044
The OBS is set on 048°, TO appears in the window. The needle is close to full right deflection. The VOR radial is approximately:
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A
238°
B
218°
C
058°
D
038°
Explanation
The CDI indicates to which means we are closer to the reciprocal (228°) of the selected radial than to the selected radial itself. If the CDI gives almost full scale deflection to the right, that means 10° for a VOR, we know we have to fly right to intercept the radial so we are 10° left of the reciprocal. 228° + 10° = 238°
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Question ID: 626039
You are on a compass heading of 090° on the 255 radial from a VOR. You set the course 190° on your OBS. The deviation bar will show:
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A
full scale deflection right with a TO indication.
B
full scale deflection left with a TO indication.
C
full scale deflection right with a FROM indication.
D
full scale deflection left with a FROM indication.
Explanation
The heading does not have an influence on a CDI indication so you can disregard that.
See the attached image for a visual representation of this
Your current radial is closer to the selected radial (190°) than to its reciprocal (010°) so you will get a FROM indication. Your current radial is to the right of the selected radial which means you will get a fly left indication. So the CDI will give a left deflection with a FROM indication.
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Question ID: 626028
A VOR is sited at position 58°00'N 073°00'W where the magnetic variation equals 32°W. An aircraft is located at position 56°00'N 073°00'W where the magnetic variation equals 28°W.The aircraft is on VOR radial:
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A
212°
B
360°
C
208°
D
180°
Explanation
The aircraft is due South from the VOR in this example. This means on a QTE of 180°(T). To get a radial from a VOR we need to apply the variation at the VOR. This becomes 180° + 32° = 212°(M).
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Question ID: 625978
An NDB is on a relative bearing of 316° from an aircraft. Given:
Compass heading:
270°
At aircraft deviation:
2°W
At aircraft variation:
30°E
At station variation:
28°E
Calculate the true bearing of the NDB from the aircraft:
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A
074°
B
252°
C
072°
D
254°
Explanation
They are asking our QTE to the NDB. First we calculate the True Heading of the aircraft by correcting for deviation and variation. 270° - 2° + 30° = 298°(T). To get the QTE we use the following formula: QTE = True heading + Relative Bearing. This becomes 298° + 316° = 614° = 254°
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Question ID: 625975
Under what conditions can VHF voice communications often suffer interference from transmissions on the same frequency at a distance considerably greater than line-of-sight?
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A
The interfering signal may be refracted from mountains between the transmitter and receiver.
B
The interfering signal may be refracted as a surface wave over a large expanse of water.
C
A temperature inversion in the atmosphere can cause 'super-refraction'.
D
The interfering signal may be refracted from the ionosphere at night.
Explanation
A temperature inversion can cause duct-propagation or super-refraction. This can cause the signal to travel further than line-of-sight-range. This could create interference with other stations on the same frequency that normally don't interfere with each other.
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Question ID: 625947
Describe the propagation of VHF radio waves:
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A
During day and night time as ground waves
B
During daytime as ground waves, at night as sky waves
C
Earth reflected waves
D
Line of sight propagation
Explanation
All frequency-bands from VHF and higher have line of sight propagation, which could be changed by super-refraction or sub-refraction.
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Question ID: 125072
An aircraft is flying an RNAV approach
In which of the following situations would the contingency procedure of discontinuing the RNAV approach and reverting to a conventional arrival route apply?
Select 3 options from the below
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Question ID: 125068
Which of the following are some of the required navigation functionalities of RNAV and RNP specifications?
Select 4 options from the below
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Question ID: 125065
Which of the following are the components of PBN?
Select 3 options from the below
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Explanation
The Navaid Infrastructure relates to ground- or space-based navigation aids that are called up in each Navigation Specification. The availability of the navaid infrastructure has to be considered in order to enable the navigation application.
The Navigation Application refers to the application of the Navigation Specification and Navaid Infrastructure in the context of an airspace concept to ATS routes and instrument flight procedures.
The Navigation Capability graphic depicts the overall Navigation Capability and the relationship between the navigation specifications defined within the ICAO PBN Concept:
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